23 jul Det kan være
Genstandsmuseets kommunikationsform er konsultativ, hvilket vil sige, at museet har flere faktuelle
informationer, som den besøgende kan søge i. Det kan være samlingen, der er gjort tilgængelig på net-
tet, som de besøgende vil kunne søge i og finde faktuelle informationer om materiale, størrelse og bil-
leder af genstanden. Det lærende museum er mindre genstandsorienteret og mere kontekstbaseret og
forsøger i højere grad at appellere til den enkelte brugers personlige forventninger og forudsætninger
(Nørskov, V. & Larsen, A. H., 2009, p.20). Formålet er her at motivere de besøgende til at lære noget og
derfor lægger kommunikationen mere op til dialog end de to andre typer af museumshjemmesider.
Det kan være museumsblogs eller en profil på Facebook, hvor brugerne kan give kommentarer tilbage
til museet eller det kan være forskellige indgangsvinkler til samlingen målrettet til forskellige bruger-
typer og læringsstile. Det virtuelle museum bygger på det lærende museum, men tilbyder noget andet
og mere, end man vil kunne finde i det fysiske museum – det kan være virtuelle oplevelser i den virtu-
elle 3D-verden Second Life, Web TV om kunstnere eller om museet, podcasts, wikier over museums-
samlinger eller webspil som eksempelvis Skagens Museums webspil, hvor man kan udforske ska-
gensmalernes verden:
Brochuremuseet og genstandsmuseet repræsenterer i høj grad Web 1.0 hjemmesider, hvor brugerne
ikke kan meget andet end at søge og vælge i informationerne. I disse Web 2.0 tider er de fleste museer
efterhånden blevet opmærksomme på, at der er behov for en mere levende og brugerinddragende
formidlingsform. Museerne har i længere tid udviklet læringstiltag til deres fysiske museer, men hvor-
dan disse kan omsættes til et digitalt formidlingssprog er for mange en stor udfordring, idet de fleste
museer ikke har ansatte med specifik viden og erfaringer i at udvikle web-baserede aktiviteter. Dette
forhold vil blive illustreret i mine cases (kapitel 7), hvor Werner Schweibenz typografi også vil blive
konkretiseret nærmere. Men først en beskrivelse af museumsinstitutionen og dennes rammer og ud-
fordringer i det informationsteknologiske samfund.
3. MUSEUMSINSTITUTIONENS ROLLE I DET INFORMATIONSTEKNOLO-
GISKE SAMFUND
Dette kapitel vil introducere museet som institution gennem et teoretisk niveau og et mere praksisori-
enteret niveau, hvor museernes udfordringer vil blive afspejlet i den samfundsmæssige udvikling, der
har manifesteret sig i ændrede og større krav fra museumsbrugerne og fra kulturpolitisk hold.
3.1 LOVGIVNING OG RAMMER FOR MUSEERNE I DANMARK
Hvad er et museum? Ifølge Gyldendals Fremmedordbog (1983) kan begrebet ”museum” defineres som
en ”samling af kunstværker el. ting af videnskabelig el. kulturhistorisk interesse.” Ordet har sin
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